AV AIDS- PREPERATION..NURSESOUTLOOK

OVER HEAD PROJECTOR

               It projects transparencies with brilliant screen images suitable for use in a lighted room. The teacher faces the class as he/she use OHP, and the class views the projections. The teacher can write or draws diagrams on the transparency while he teaches, these are projected simultaneously on the screen by the OHP, there it is used as aid and tool in teaching learning situation.

Uses:

• To develop concept and sequences in a subject matter area, each component part can be presented as the teacher senses the student’s readiness for the next step.
• To make marginal notes on the transparencies for the use of the teacher can be carried without exposing them to the class, when projected.
• To show relationship by means of transparent overlays in contrasting colour. This would be especially effective in anatomy and physiology classes
• As a recording device for presenting minutes of a group discussion visually.
• To show statistics and other graphs of mortality and morbidity rates of various disease.

Advantages:

• It enables her to point out features appearing on the screen by pointing to the materials at the projector itself and same time she can observe the students too.
• It offers a very flexible tool for teaching tool for teaching because a wide variety of materials can be used for many different teaching purposes.
• It can be used in a fairly lighted room.
• Materials projected can be changed quickly and easily, shapes can be presented and compared, colors may be included, and exposure can be controlled.
• To tests students “performances” while other classmate observe.
• To give the illusion of motion in the transparency Eg:- Circulation of blood through the heart, through the use of special device attached to the OHP, this term as Tec animation.

Transparency:

               Single image that is seen by means of light passing through a visual projected, is usually given to those materials which are projected in the overhead projector.

SLIDES

               A slide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image or scene or graphic image has been photographed or reproduced otherwise.

               Molded slide range in size form 2^* 2 or 4.5^* 4’. Slides can be made from photographs and pictures by the teachers and pupils taking photographs and snap shots when they go on field trips for historical, geographical, literary or scientific excursions.

               The arrangement of slides in proper sequence according to the topic discussed, is an important aspect of teaching with them.

               A teacher needs to use imaginatively and creatively to make the best use of them.

ADVANTAGES

·       

      Help in retention of the material taught in the minds of pupils.

·       Attract attention

·       Arrows interest

·       Assessed lesson development

·       Test student understanding

·       Review instruction

·       Facilitates student teacher participation.

MODEL

               It is a life size miniature or over size or original size whether workable or not, whether it differs from or not from original size often objectively studied, which is very useful in teaching. Models are concrete objects to explain clearly the structure or functions of real things.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A MODEL:

·       Accuracy.

·       Simplicity.

·       Utility.

·       Solidity.

·       Useful.

FUNCTIONS OF MODEL

·       It simplifies reality

·       Concretizes abstract concepts

·       Enables as to reduce or enlarge objects

·       Provides the correct concept of an real object.

·       A working model explains the various processes of objects and machines.

·       Promotes  Creative interest among people

Types of model:

1.     Scale model

2.     Simplified model

3.     Working model

4.     Cross section model

LCD PROJECTOR

DEFINITION

               LCD projectors have revolutionized the audio visual industry. With a few clips of the mouse and strokes of the keyboard, whatever you type on your computer appears instantly on a projection screen in real time.

Procedure

Step 1

               Plug the LCD projector into a power outlet. Completely plug the power cord into the back of the LCD projector

Step 2

               Use a VGA cable (usually a 15-pin male to male) to connect your computer to the LCD projector. Insert one end of the cable into the VGA connector (sometimes this connector is blue) in the back of your computer and do the same in the back of your LCD Projector. If the LCD projector has more than 1 VGA connector, choose the one that says something like “line in” or “inform computer”.

Step 3

               May take a couple of minutes to warm up. Open the computer file or document you wish to display. When you are ready to project your image press “ function” (Fn) plus “F₈”. This combination of keys sense your computers display to the LCD projector.

Step 4

               Use sound to enhance your presentation. Often LCD projectors have buily-in speakers. If this is the case, you may need to run a RGB cable from the LCD projector to the back of your computer. If you wish to use external speakers instead of those that are part of the LCD projector (the built-in speakers are generally of poor quality), plug the speakers directly into the head phone jack off your laptop.

Step 5

               Turn off your LCD projector properly. Usually you most press the  “off” button once, and a dialogue box pops up asking if you are sure you want to turn it off. Press the off button again, and the machine powers down. Leave the machine plug in until the cooling fan stops. Be careful when disconnecting VGA cables from the back of the LCD projector and laptop, as the pins end of the cable are delicate.

Step 6

               Know some other features of your LCD  projector. Most have a focus knob to make the picture clearer. If your image appears distorted (wider ion one side than the other or small at the top, big at the bottom) you must adjust the keystone setting, which helps to project a rectangular image. You can fix keystone distortion manually by moving the LCD projector to position it near the Centre of the screen at which it is aiming.

Advantages

·       Enables a lot of people to be able to see something even from a distance

Disadvantage

·       Image quality may not be as good when projected

FLASH CARDS/FLIP CHARTS

INTRODUCTION

               These award winning step by step guides, designed for school and home use, provide instruction on commonly used software applications.

DEFINITION

A flashcard is a card that is used as a learning aid, One write say question on a card and an answer overleaf. Flash cards can be vocabulary historical dates, formulas or any subject matter that can be learned via a question and answer format. Flash cards are widely used as a learning drill to memorization by way of spaced repetition.

FLASH CARDS

A flash card is a part of a set of cards that has numbers, letters, pictures or words on it. They are commonly used for drilling students on facts. Flash cards may also be used to enhance student memory. Try playing a memory game with the facts on the cards. This is a great and fun way to help the student memorize.

ADVANTAGES

·       Flash cards are easy to carry. More concept can be introduced in several parts which can show progress or movements.

·       They can be easily developed, and the audience can even participate in making some of the cant’s.

DISADVANTAGES

·       Flash cards can only be used for smaller groups of not more than 15 persons. However, they are best used for home visits or for face to face sessions.

·       The smaller size of the flash card somehow diminishes the impact of the presentation and is not as dramatic as, say, the flip chart.

FLIP CHART

Flip charts are useful for teaching large groups at one time. A flip chart is a large group of papers that are attached at the top so that the papers can be flipped over one at a time to show a new page of paper. Flip charts are often placed on a easel, which allows the teacher to easily move it. A teacher can use a flip chart when she is showing different parts of a lesson, stages in the process of something, steps of something,or a progress of a story as it unfolds. Flip charts are very versatile and can be used for all classes.

ADVANTAGES

Convenient to use because the concepts needed to be explained are already prepared.

Drawings can be put together so that they can be arranged in the order the topic will be discussed.

Flip charts made from cloth have been found to be of popular use because they can be folded or rolled and can be easily carried. Unlike chants made of cardboard/illustration board, flip charts made from cloth do not get easily damaged when wet.

DISADVANTAGE

·       Flip charts can only be used for an audience of not more than 25 persons. Otherwise, these will not be seen? Especially by those located far from where the charts are shown.

·       Since the illustrations in the charts do not show much movement and have to be simplified for visual impact, there is a still the need for an effective verbal enrichment/explanation of the concepts presented.