PERSONALITY
TESTS/PROJECTIVE TESTS
These techniques are
based on the phenomenon of projection. In these techniques relatively
indefinite and unstructured stimuli are provided to the subject and he is asked
to structure them in any way he likes. By doing so he unconsciously projects
his own desires, hopes, fears repressed
wishes etc and thus not only reveals his private world but gives a proper clue
to estimate his total personality.
DEFINITIONS
1. Frank
(1939) defined “ projective techniques is a kind of x-ray into those aspects of
personality
2. English
and English (1958) “ projective techniques are the process of preserving
objective stimuli in line with personal interest, desires and fears or
expectations”.
CHARACTERISTICS
·
Purpose of the test is
disguised
·
Freedom to respond.
·
No right or no wrong
answer.
·
Ambiguous or vague test
materials.
·
Evoke responses from
unconscious
·
Multi dimensionality of
responses.
·
Molar approach
·
Reliability of the test
·
Validity of the test
IMPORTANT PROJECTIVE
TECHNIQUES
1.
Rorschach
Ink blot test
2. TAT
3. CAT
4. Word
Association Test
5. Sentence
Completion Test
6. Doll
Play.
7. Mud
Play
8. Drawing
test
9. Story
telling Tests
RORSCHACH INK BLOT TEST
This technique has been developed by the Swiss
Psychologist Mr. Harman’s Rorschach. Material of the test consists of ten cards
on which we have ink blots. Five of them are in black and white and five are
multi coloured. The ink blots are completely unstructured, the shapes of blots
do not have any specific meaning.
a) Administration of test-
The cards are presented to the subject one at a time and in a prescribed
sequence. The subject is asked to look at each card and reveal what he has seen
on each card, what it might be for him, what it makes him think of. All the
responses are taken down verbatim. If the subject is unresponsive or does not
speak anything, encouragement is given by using words like “most people have
seen more than one thing”. It is always better to get more than one response
from the subject.
b) Interpretation-
Since the picture in the card itself is highly ambiguous, the subjects
prescriptions of it is determined to a very large extend by his own mental
nature or mental set. The interpretation should be based upon what aspect of
the teacher promotes the subjects to respond. Some perceive the card as a whole
while others perceive the minute details.
c) Scoring:
It is named as
·
Location
·
Content
·
Time
·
Determinants
·
Originality
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION
TEST
This test consists of perception of
certain pictures in a thematic manner, revealing imaginative themes are called
“Thematic Apperception Test”. This test was developed by Murray and Morgan.
Test Material
This test consists of
29 pictures which portray human beings in a variety of actual life situations
and one blank card. These pictures are vague and indefinite. Each picture is
such that it can elicit a variety of responses.
Administration
The pictures are
presented one at a time. The subject is taught clearly that this is a test of
creative imagination and that there is no right and wrong response. During the
response, cheer and subject up. As he writes the story describing that
situation or the cause of that situation on the picture, the subject unconsciously
projects so many characteristics of his personality. Moreover the global view
of one’s personality should be based upon the response of all the 19 pictures
and one blank card.
Advantages
·
They are less
susceptible to faking than self report measures.
·
It is particularly
useful with children
·
It is often easier to
make rapport and gain people’s interest with projective techniques than a
questionnaire or scale.
Very nice
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